• M.S. (December 2001) -- University of Southern Maine -- (Statistics)
• B.A. (May 1996) -- University of Southern Maine -- (Mathematics)
• M.B.A. (December 1993) -- University of Southern Maine -- (Business Administration)
• Ph.D. (May 1980) -- State University of New York at Albany -- (History)
• M.L.S. (August 1976) -- University of Rhode Island -- (Library Science)
• M.A. (August 1975) -- University of Rhode Island -- (History)
• B.A. (May 1972) -- University of Rhode Island -- (History)